In Germany, lease agreements must always be in writing. This is a legal requirement to make sure both the landlord and the tenant are on the same page about the terms of the rental agreement. Having a written lease helps avoid any confusion or misunderstandings later on, ensuring both parties are clear about their rights and responsibilities throughout the tenancy.

Most of the time, the base rent (Kaltmiete) is clearly stated in the lease. This is the amount you pay for the property itself. However, the base rent does not usually include the cost of heating, and there are also extra charges for things like utilities and services, which are paid on top of the base rent. These additional costs are known as ancillary costs (Nebenkosten). They’re usually paid monthly along with your rent, but what’s included can vary from one lease to another.

Additionally, many universities offer dormitories or student residences, which are often the most affordable housing options. These rooms can cost anywhere from 200 to 600 euros per month, depending on the city and the type of accommodation. While student dorms may not offer the luxury of private spaces or extensive amenities, they provide a great opportunity to meet other students and integrate into university life quickly. The application process for student dormitories can be competitive, so it is advisable to apply early and stay updated on the available options through your university’s housing office.

However, it’s important to note that electricity, internet, and phone services are usually not included in the ancillary costs. These are typically set up and paid for separately by the tenant, so you’ll need to budget for them on top of your rent and ancillary costs. Since the exact list of what’s included can differ between leases, it’s a good idea to ask the landlord for a clear explanation of what is covered before you sign. Some landlords might include a detailed list, while others might just give a general amount for the total. It’s always best to gather as much information as possible before committing to the lease.

The landlord may provide an estimate of the monthly ancillary costs, helping you calculate your total payment and avoid surprises. Knowing the heating or water costs lets you add them to your rent for a clear picture of your expenses. Understanding these costs is key for budgeting. If anything is unclear in the lease, ask the landlord to avoid surprises and manage your expenses with peace of mind.